Weekly book reviews and literary analysis from the = Times Literary Supplement

From: Subject: Weekly book reviews and literary analysis from the Times Literary Supplement Date: Tue, 15 Apr 2003 11:31:53 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C30342.9D010340"; type="text/html" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C30342.9D010340 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.the-tls.co.uk/archive/story.asp?story_id=3913 Weekly book reviews and literary analysis from the = Times Literary Supplement

15 April 2003 =20



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Shelley from Pisa

Christopher Goulding

09/07/1999

A letter written by Percy Shelley to his = London=20 bookseller has been discovered in a private = collection=20 held in a public records office in Newcastle = upon Tyne.=20 The

letter, which has not been published before, = is in=20 the Brooks Autograph Collection, a large late = Victorian=20 collection of autograph manuscripts, letters and = other=20 ephemera relating to eminent persons of the = eighteenth=20 and nineteenth centuries which was presented to = the=20 Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle in 1894 by = John C.=20 Brooks (1812-97), a Newcastle shipowner, and is=20 deposited under restricted access at the = Northumberland=20 County Record Office. The letter is in Shelley's = own=20 hand, cross-written on a single sheet of paper = measuring=20 approximately 8=BD by 9 3/4 inches; it is gummed = into=20 aleather-bound

album together with various newspaper = cuttings and=20 pictures relating to the poet's life and works. = It is=20 dated August 27, 1820, and was written in Pisa. = Two=20 postmarks on it read FPO SE 14 1820 and PISA. It = is=20 addressed to Messrs

Ollier, Shelley's bookseller in Vere Street,

London.

My transcription of the letter omits = Shelley's=20 corrections and crossings-out:

Pisa August 27, 1820

Dear Sir

Be so obliging as to forward the enclosed = letters to=20 their address, each with the addition of a copy = of the=20 Cenci & Prometheus Unbound, - Southey has = written to=20 assure me that he is not the author of that = article in=20 the Quarterly against me - Pray do not omit in = those to=20 whom you present copies of the

Prometheus, any of those named in my last = list -=20 among whom, Moore & H. Smith, & Keats I = hope=20 were mentioned -

I learn that noth with standing (sic) the = early &=20 prompt sale of all but about a dozen copies of = the=20 Cenci, of the edition I sent from Italy, no = other one=20 has been printed agreeably to my request. I = think this=20 very prejudicial to it, & entreat you to be = good=20 enough not to allow any delay to take place in = printing=20 a second edition. This play unless the = Bookseller=20 timidly yields to the cry of the bigots, is = calculated=20 to be popular. a second edition is the best = answer to=20 that cry.

This summer I have not been idle; I have = written a=20 fanciful thing in ottava rima called the "Witch = of=20 Atlas". I have translated also

in ottava rima the Homeric Hymn to Mercury, = in about=20 100 stanzas, the effect is very droll. I have = rendered=20 also into choice English, with a subtle preface, = the=20 Symposium of Plato, &, as Beppo says "other = things=20 which may be had for asking": but I am = meditating more=20 serious literary enterprises - Mr. Gisborne is = not yet=20 arrived here; but I suppose he will bring me a=20 Prometheus. - This poem is intended only for the = esoteric readers of poetry, - but indeed the

Cenci ought to sell.

Pray, would you like to publish an octavo = volume of=20 mine entitled "A Philosophical View of the = Question of=20 Reform in the Government of Great Britain"? You = can=20 easily conceive the tone of it. - I think it due = to you=20 to ask you before I should offer it, if ever = completed,=20 to any other bookseller.

I wonder if you will have the politeness to

answer my last letter - My compliments to = your=20 brother, Dear Sir, I remain, yr. obliged = Servant,

P. B. S.

P.S I wish you cd get Hookham's account - = &=20 Baldwin's for me - Reynell the Printer writes = for=20 payment; if you see him tell him to be so good = as to=20 wait till (illegible). I meant to have been in = London=20 this summer & should have settled my affairs = then,=20 but my lawyer was so dilatory that papers & = c. are=20 not even yet prepared.

Although the existence of this letter has = been known=20 for some time, there is no evidence to suggest = that it=20 has ever been published or

transcribed before. It does not appear in any = of the=20 collections of Shelley's correspondence, nor are = there=20 any references to it in editions of his

writings, criticism of his works, academic = journals,=20 or databases on the Internet. It raises

several interesting points, some of which = shed new=20 light on Shelley's thoughts and writings during = the=20 summer of 1820.

A particular point of interest is that = Shelley notes=20 that Robert Southey has disowned the

savage anonymous attack on The Revolt of = Islam which=20 appeared in the April 1819 edition of the = Quarterly=20 magazine. Southey had written to Shelley in July = 1820,=20 assuring him that he did not write the review, = and=20 Shelley gratefully acknowledged this to Southey=20 personally in a letter dated August 17, as well = as in=20 letters to other correspondents.

Shelley expresses his exasperation with = Ollier at his=20 apparent unwillingness to publish a second = edition of=20 his play The Cenci, a point he raised in earlier = letters=20 to his bookseller on April 30 and May 14. = Relations=20 between the two were strained at this time, as = can be=20 deduced from

Shelley's request for a reply at the end of = the=20 letter. The references to the bookseller's = timidity in=20 the face of potential critics, described as = "bigots",=20 are couched in much stronger terms than

before.

Among the other work in progress for which = Shelley=20 has hopes of publication, the most interesting = is his=20 translation and preface, "in choice English", of = Plato's=20 Symposium, a work in which he had been trying to = interest publishers since 1818. Shelley lost the = manuscript almost exactly a year after this = letter was=20 written, and found it again eleven months later, = only=20 days before his death.

Perhaps the most valuable piece of = information=20 revealed here is the mention of A Philosophical = View of=20 the Question of Reform in the

Government of Great Britain. This seems to be = a=20 reference to the essay usually known by the = shorter=20 title of A Philosophical View of Reform, a work = which -=20 owing to its politically radical nature - = remained=20 unpublished until 1920; it was compared to the = work of=20 Paine, Marx and Engels by Paul Foot in his book = Red=20 Shelley (1980). Some uncertainty exists over the = dating=20 of the manuscript of the essay. Donald H. Reiman = notes,=20 in Shelley and His Circle, Volume Six (1973), = that in=20 the absence of known references to it anywhere = else,=20 "only three indisputable contemporary references = to A=20 Philosophical View of Reform occur in Shelley's=20 letters". Reiman then cites letters to Charles = Ollier=20 (December 15, 1819), Mr & Mrs Gisborne = (December 23,=20 1819), and Leigh Hunt (May 26, 1820). Other = commentators=20 have glossed an obscure reference to it in an = earlier=20 letter to the Gisbornes, dated

November 6, 1819 - see Roger Ingpen and

Walter E. Peck's notation in The Complete = Works of=20 Percy Bysshe Shelley, Volume Seven (1930). = Reiman=20 continues:

These three brief quotations provide our only = external information about when Shelley drafted = the=20 fragmentary essay and what he hoped for it. They = also=20 suggest that one reason he did not finish it was = because=20 he could not interest a publisher in it. Nothing = in the=20 May 26 1820 letter to Hunt indicates that = Shelley was=20 actually still drafting his treatise by that = date,=20 rather, his statement suggests that he had been = looking=20 over his earlier work and that, if a chance to = publish=20 appeared he would revise it to send "sheet by = sheet".

More recent commentary upholds Reiman's view. = Michael=20 Henry Scrivener, in Radical

Shelley (1982) writes: "I believe Shelley = worked on A=20 Philosophical View of Reform from November = (1819) to=20 possibly January (1820), but the essay was = 'finished' by=20 then, as finished as it would ever be."

This unpublished letter sheds new light on = the=20 circumstances of composition, suggesting that = Shelley=20 was still revising the essay after May 1820, = possibly=20 right up to August that year. If nothing else, = Shelley=20 had certainly revised its

title, for he uses a much longer version than = that=20 quoted in all other known correspondence.

Finally, Shelley notes his intention to have = made a=20 return visit to London to settle his precarious=20 financial affairs during the summer of 1820. His = plans=20 for such a visit were referred to in an earlier = letter=20 to Leigh Hunt, dated November 13, 1819. The = visit never=20 took place, of course, and Shelley died, still = in=20 self-imposed

exile, nearly two years later.

=A92002=20 The TLS TSL Education Ltd Terms=20 and Conditions Pri= vacy=20 Policy

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rollOff2(img){ eval ("document."+img +".src =3D = '/images/tls_subject_by/"+img+".gif'"); } ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C30342.9D010340 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.the-tls.co.uk/admin/includes/clientscripts.js var imagea1 =3D new Image(); imagea1.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/archaeology.gif" var imagea2 =3D new Image(); imagea2.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/anthropology.gif" var imagea3 =3D new Image(); imagea3.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/biography.gif" =20 var imagea4 =3D new Image(); imagea4.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/classics.gif" var imagea5 =3D new Image(); imagea5.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/commentary.gif" var imagea6 =3D new Image(); imagea6.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/fiction.gif" var imagea7 =3D new Image(); imagea7.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/art_and_architecture.gif" var imagea8 =3D new Image(); imagea8.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/history.gif" var imagea9 =3D new Image(); imagea9.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/literature.gif" var imagea10 =3D new Image(); imagea10.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/music_and_opera.gif" var imagea11 =3D new Image(); imagea11.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/natural_history.gif" var imagea12 =3D new Image(); imagea12.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/philosophy.gif" var imagea13 =3D new Image(); imagea13.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/poetry.gif" var imagea14 =3D new Image(); imagea14.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/politics.gif" var imagea15 =3D new Image(); imagea15.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/psychology_and_medicine.gif" var imagea16 =3D new Image(); imagea16.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/reference.gif" var imagea17 =3D new Image(); imagea17.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/religion.gif" =09 var imagea18 =3D new Image(); imagea18.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/science.gif" var imagea19 =3D new Image(); imagea19.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/social_studies.gif" var imagea20 =3D new Image(); imagea20.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/theatre_and_film.gif" var imagea21 =3D new Image(); imagea21.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/travel.gif" var imagea22 =3D new Image(); imagea22.src=3D"/images/tls_subject_by/women_studies.gif" =09 =09 function reminderValidate() { if (document.reminder.loginName.value =3D=3D '' && = document.reminder.emailAddress.value =3D=3D '') { alert('Please enter either your User Name or e-mail address'); document.returnValue =3D false; } else { document.returnValue =3D true; =09 } } function adminValidate() { var errorStr =3D ""; =09 if (document.admin.newPassword.value =3D=3D "" && = document.admin.newPassword2.value =3D=3D "" && = document.admin.keepPassword.checked =3D=3D false)=20 { errorStr +=3D "Please enter a Password or check \'Keep existing = password\'.\n\n"; } if (document.admin.newUserName.value =3D=3D "" )=20 { errorStr +=3D "Please enter a User Name.\n\n"; } if (document.admin.newPassword.value !=3D = document.admin.newPassword2.value )=20 { errorStr +=3D "Your passwords do not match.\n\n"; } else {=09 if ( (document.admin.newPassword.value.length < 8 || = document.admin.newPassword.value.length > 12 ) && = document.admin.keepPassword.checked =3D=3D false)=20 { errorStr +=3D "Your password must be between 8 and 12 characters = long.\n\n"; =09 } } var str =3D document.admin.newEmailAddress.value var isEmail =3D ((str.indexOf("@") !=3D -1) && (str.indexOf(".") !=3D = -1)); =09 if (!isEmail )=20 { errorStr +=3D "Please enter a valid e-mail address.\n\n"; } if (errorStr !=3D "") { alert(errorStr); document.returnValue =3D false;=09 } else { document.returnValue =3D true; } } function keepPass() { var ie,ns; ns =3D (document.layers)? true:false; ie=3D(document.all)? true:false; =09 if (document.admin.keepPassword.checked =3D=3D true) { document.admin.keepPassword.checked =3D=3D false; } else { document.admin.newPassword.value =3D ""; document.admin.newPassword2.value =3D ""; document.admin.keepPassword.checked =3D=3D true; } document.admin.newPassword.disabled =3D = (!document.admin.newPassword.disabled) document.admin.newPassword2.disabled =3D = (!document.admin.newPassword2.disabled) } function adminPopUp() { var openStr =3D "/subscribe/admin.asp" var = adminWin=3Dwindow.open(openStr,'admin','width=3D450,height=3D300,location= =3Dno,toolbar=3Dno,scrollbars=3Dyes,status=3Dno,menubar=3Dno,left=3D100,t= op=3D100'); adminWin.opener.name =3D "tls"; } function newWin(url){ window.open(url,"new", "width=3D700, height=3D500, scrollbars, = toolbar=3Dno, menu=3Dno"); } function openWin(url, name,width, height){ //window.open(url,name, "width=3D"+width+", height=3D"+height+", = scrollbars=3Dyes, toolbar=3Dyes, menubar=3Dyes"); window.open(url, name, = "scrollbars=3Dyes,menubar=3Dyes,status=3Dyes,width=3D"+width+",height=3D"= +height+"\"") } function validate(){ var fields=3Ddocument.forms[0].elements; var counter=3D0; var message=3D"You have not entered: \n"; for (var i=3D0;i0){ alert(message); return false; } =09 else { =09 return true; } } function validateCon(){ var fields=3Ddocument.forms[0].elements; var counter=3D0; var countCheck=3D0; var message=3D"you have not entered:\n"; for (var i=3D0; i0 || countCheck=3D=3D39){ //alert(countCheck)=09 if (countCheck=3D=3D39){ message+=3D'what you read or subscribe to \n' }=20 alert(message); return false; } else { =20 return true; } } function checkAdvSearch() { if = ((document.frmSearch.author.value=3D=3D"")&&(document.frmSearch.Reviewer.= value=3D=3D"")&&(document.frmSearch.keyword.value=3D=3D"")&&(document.frm= Search.title.value=3D=3D"")){ alert('Please enter some search criteria!'); document.frmSearch.author.focus(); return false; }else{ frmSearch.submit(); return true; } } function check_subscribe() { if ((document.forms[0].elements[0].value =3D=3D"") || = (document.forms[0].elements[1].value=3D=3D"")){ alert('Please enter Subscription details'); document.forms[0].elements[0].focus(); return false; } if (document.forms[0].elements[1].value =3D=3D "editor" && = document.forms[0].elements[0].value =3D=3D "editor"){ return true; } =09 } function submit_newsletter() { if (document.newsletter.email_address.value !=3D "" && = document.newsletter.email_address.value.indexOf("@") !=3D -1 && = document.newsletter.email_address.value.indexOf(".") !=3D -1) { document.newsletter.submit(); }=09 else { alert('Please enter a valid email address'); } } function validateAlert(){ var frm =3D document.alert var count=3Dcounter=3D0 var message =3D "You have not correctly entered: \n\n" for(var i=3D0;i0 || count=3D=3D0 ){ alert(message) return false }=09 else { return true } } function checks(){ var fields =3D document.forms[0].elements; for (var i=3D0; i